Polio Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Polio, including details on symptoms, treatment, vaccines, causes, virus. | ||||||
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Characterization of a rare natural intertypic type 2/type 3 penta-recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus isolated from a child with acute flaccid paralysis.Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhu S, Li Y, Song L, Liu Y, Liu G, Nishimura Y, Chen L, Yan D, Wang D, An H, Shimizu H, Xu A, Xu W WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology & Genetic Engineering, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27 Nanwei Road, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100050, PR China. A type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) (strain CHN1025), with a 1.1 % (10/903) difference from Sabin strain in the VP1 coding region, was isolated from a child with poliomyelitis caused by a poliovirus variant infection. The patient was from Shandong Province of China and developed acute flaccid paralysis in 1997. The child was infected with a rare and complicated penta-recombinant poliovirus with the uncommon genomic recombinant organization S2/S3/S1/S3/S1/S3. At least five successive rounds of recombination occurred in the VP1 capsid coding region and in the 2C, 3C (twice) and 3D(pol) non-capsid coding regions, respectively, during virus evolution. Strain CHN1025 had most of the characteristics of the type 2 vaccine strain; it had Sabin-specific epitopes, suggesting that the virus was antigenically indistinguishable from the Sabin 2 reference strain. Typical mutations in the 5'-untranslated region and VP1 associated with reversion to neurovirulence for Sabin 2 poliovirus were found, and the virus showed moderate neurovirulence in transgenic mice. A few nucleotide substitutions were located in the donor sequences, and two donor sequences contained no nucleotide substitutions, suggesting that these sequences were relatively new. The appearance of these mutations within approximately 192 days of at least five successive rounds of recombination events derived from a single ancestral infection illustrates the rapid emergence of new recombinants among VDPVs. This is the first report on the isolation of a type 2/type 3 poliovirus capsid recombinant with one of the five crossover sites located in the VP1 coding region. Published 20 January 2010 in J Gen Virol, 91: 421-9. Articles on Polio published 9 December 2009: Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Finland in 1984-85 - Re-analysis of viral sequences using the current standard approach. Virus Res, 147(1): 91-7. In 1984, a wild type 3 poliovirus (PV3/FIN84) spread all over Finland causing nine cases of paralytic poliomyelitis and one case of aseptic meningitis. The outbreak was ended in 1985 with an intensive vaccination campaign. By limited sequence comparison with previously isolated PV3 strains, closest relatives of PV3/FIN84 were found among strains circulating in the Mediterranean region. Now we wanted to reanalyse the relationships using approaches currently exploited in poliovirus surveillance. ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Polio published 2 November 2009: CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are a potent adjuvant for an inactivated polio vaccine produced from Sabin strains of poliovirus. Vaccine, 27(47): 6558-63. Poliovirus transmission is controlled globally through world-wide use of a live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV). However, the imminence of global poliovirus eradication calls for a switch to the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Given the limited manufacturing capacity and high cost of IPV, this switch is unlikely in most developing and undeveloped countries. Adjuvantation is an effective strategy for antigen sparing. In this study, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Polio published 16 October 2009: Changes in ability, perceived difficulty and use of assistive devices in everyday life: a 4-year follow-up study in people with late effects of polio. Acta Neurol Scand, 120(5): 324-30. BACKGROUND: There are numbers of persons living in the community with late effects of polio, of which many develop new symptoms, but the course of progression is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess changes after 4 years in ability and perceived difficulty in persons with late effects of polio. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Community dwelling persons from a polio clinic. Information was gathered by questionnaire and interview on demographics, age at polio onset, affected body parts, health problems, the use ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Polio published 14 October 2009: An evaluation of the sensitivity of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance for poliovirus infection in Australia. BMC Infect Dis, 9: 162. BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) targets for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, including the notification of a minimum rate of AFP among children, are used to assess the adequacy of AFP surveillance for the detection of poliovirus infection. Sensitive surveillance for poliovirus infection in both developed and developing countries is essential to support global disease eradication efforts. We applied recently developed methods for the quantitative evaluation of disease ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Polio published 1 September 2009: Post-polio syndrome: epidemiologic and prognostic aspects in Brazil. Acta Neurol Scand, 120(3): 191-7. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of post-polio syndrome (PPS) and identify predictors of its severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 132 patients with PPS were selected at the Neuromuscular Disease Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. Descriptive analysis was carried out and predictors of PPS severe forms were investigated using an unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The average age at onset was 39.4 years. The most common symptoms were ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Polio published 17 August 2009: Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV): a strong candidate vaccine for achieving global polio eradication program. Vaccine, 27(39): 5293-4. In this article, we will present an update about current status of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and we will also discuss general concerns about inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) which are under discussion in scientific community about various aspects of IPV and at the end of this article, we will give our conclusions about possible universal use of IPV. [Abstract] [Full-text] A multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of live attenuated influenza vaccine coadministered with oral poliovirus vaccine in healthy young children. Vaccine, 27(40): 5472-9. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) provides a useful tool to rapidly immunize populations in the developing world to prevent influenza outbreaks. In this noninferiority trial conducted in Asia and South America, where oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used, 2503 children aged 6 to <36 months with three polio immunizations were randomized to receive LAIV+OPV, placebo+OPV, or LAIV only. Immune responses in children receiving concomitant LAIV+OPV were noninferior to those observed in ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Polio published 28 July 2009: Three cases of paralytic poliomyelitis associated with type 3 vaccine poliovirus strains in Bulgaria. J Med Virol, 81(9): 1661-7. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) can cause, in extremely rare cases vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in recipients, or contacts of vaccinees. Three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (two contacts and one recipient) occurred in the Bourgas region of Bulgaria in the spring of 2006. The first two cases, notified as acute flaccid paralysis, were 55 days old unvaccinated twin brothers, having been in contact with vaccinees. The third case concerned a 4-month-old infant who ... [Abstract] [Full-text] © 2004-2010 Polio Research Today. All Rights Reserved. |
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